Apache NuttX Articles & Publications
Here we have a list of articles and publications about NuttX. If you have a suggestion of article to be included to this page, please send an email to: private@nuttx.apache.org .
NXDART: Distributed Automated Build and Runtime Test Environment for Apache NuttX RTOS
Abstract
This paper presents the concept and initial implementation of a distributed automated build and runtime test environment for NuttX, called NXDART. NuttX is Apache 2.0 licensed Free and Open-Source (FOSS) Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), created by Gregory Nutt and released to the public in 2007, with strong focus on portability, small footprint, scalability, and compatibility with POSIX, ANSI, and other standards commonly used by Unix and other RTOSes (e.g. VxWorks).
NuttX community consists of volunteering hobbyists, academia, and small/medium/large enterprise professionals from around the world. NuttX supports over 15 different 8..64-bit CPU architectures (RISC-V, ARM, ARM64, AVR, CEVA, HC, MIPS, Misoc, OpenRISC, Renesas, SPARC, TriCore, x86, AMD64, Xtensa, Z16, Z80, FPGA) on over 340 unique hardware boards with over 1600 example target firmware configurations. Project development intensity is measured in thousands of files changed every month with hundreds thousands of code lines modifications.
In order to assure self-compatibility and long term maintenance for supported platform all new source code contributions are always processed manually by independent reviewers and automated Continuous Integration (CI) software tools. Unfortunately, not all breaking changes can be detected that way. Code may build for various architectures and even run correctly on emulators but it may still not work as expected on real world hardware. Therefore, comprehensive runtime tests are required.
Hardware testing of hundreds of different devices in one place turned out impossible for our free and community driven project. To address this problem we have invented distributed hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test environment that is easy to set up and maintain as it reuses hardware components already owned by hundreds of users around the world. This approach assures maximum coverage of possible boards and build environments, independence and uninterrupted redundant availability of build and runtime test automation, with feedback logs reporting directly to the project upstream, at virtually zero cost.
Author(s)
Tomasz CEDRO, Gregory NUTT, Lup Yuen LEE, Grzegorz POŁUDNIEWSKI, Szymon WILK, Wojciech GLINKOWSKI.
NuttX RTOS Driver for Single Unshielded Twisted Pair Communication
Abstract
The thesis aims to evaluate and integrate a low-cost solution for a small area multidrop communication with focus on reliability and real-time predictability usable in embedded systems. Based on a review of applicable standards, an integration of cheap MCU devices with 10BASE-T1S Ethernet SPI MAC-PHYs is proposed.
The Apache NuttX RTOS is proposed as a suitable operating system for the MCU devices. An overview of NuttX network driver internals is provided in a dedicated chapter to provide background for the major outcome of the project – the implementation of Onsemi NCV7410 SPI MAC-PHY NuttX driver for the NuttX operating system.
At the end, the methods used for an evaluation and testing of the implemented driver are discussed. The system properties are then verified on a simple drive-by-wire demonstrator.
Author(s)
Michal Matiáš.
iplite: a lightweight packet filter for NuttX
Abstract
The project proposes a lightweight packet filter in a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), aiming to provide an additional security layer to embedded systems, allowing the users to create their security policies through the filtering process of the ingress network packets. The iplite firewall was implemented on NuttX OS based on the best practices of the Linux Netfilter firewall and consists basically of two parts: an application on user space, homonymously called iplite, which serves to provide the user CLI, besides a module on kernel space, netfilterlite, responsible for providing the APIs. As an open-source project, our solution allows the reproducibility of the experiments and the firewall core adaptation to other operating systems.
Author(s)
Eduardo Menezes Moraes, Rodrigo Teixeira de Souza, Rafael Oliveira da Rocha, Lourenc¸o Alves Pereira Jr. .
mnemofs: A NAND flash file-system for Apache NuttX
Abstract
NAND flash memory is a key enabler for modern sensor systems due to its low cost, compact size, and low power consumption. However, its unique characteristics such as erase-before-write requirements, bad block management and randomized bit-flips demand a specialized file system design. This letter proposes mnemofs, a file system that incorporates wear leveling, power-loss resilience, block garbage collection, low RAM consumption and small binary size to maintain reliability while utilizing NAND flash’s advantages in embedded systems. We analyze tradeoffs propose enhancements for sensor applications where robust, long-term data storage is critical.
Author(s)
Saurav Pal, Alan C. Assis.
Low power embedded software optimization for the NuttX RTOS
Abstract
This paper presents the study of the implementation for a new feature that allows the NuttX RTOS, handling the power consumption in order to optimize it. The project was focused on controlling different power states, following the global trend in portable devices.
In this document, it’s explained all the necessary information that was necessary before to start developing all the modules, and also contains all the steps that were followed in order to get the final system. After this project, NuttX is able to handle 4 different power modes, this power modes were designed in order to reduce the power consumption gradually when the RTOS is idle, and also the system is able to return to its higher performance mode when it’s required.
Part of the requirements in this project was to built a benchmark application in order to verify the functionality of this new feature, in the document is explained not only how this application works, but also all the hardware used in order to acquire the data that were used in the analysis
Author(s)
Diego Sánchez López.